भारतीय मानसून (मौसिम) जलवायु कारको से प्रभावित एक जटिल परिघटना है। भारत में मानसून वर्षा की तीव्रता और वितरण के निर्धारण में महासागरीय और वायुमंडलीय कारको की भूमिका का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 15 अंक / The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India. (Answer in 250 words) 15 Marks

Factors Influencing Indian Monsoon:

Fig 1. El-Nino → Walker circulation breaks into 2 → Drought in India, Australia, Indonesia.

> Difference between Arabian Sea & Bay of Bengal SST

Bay of Bengal Sea Surface Temperature:

> If Arabian Sea SST is > Bay of Bengal SST → More rainfall in India.

Fig 2. IOD → El-Nino leads to positive IOD

'IOD => More rainfall.

> Cyclones like Mawari, Gucho] (2003) is Pacific slow huge winds from Indian Ocean in SW to NE direction.

Fig 3. Pacific Cyclones

> Resists monsoon trough movement from SE to NW direction => Delayed rainfall

> Somali Jets aid South-West monsoon while Tropical Eastern Jets (TEJ) pushes depressions inland integrating monsoon.

> West to East moving phenomenon > More movement along equators, faster = more it crosses Indian Sub-continent => Increased rainfall.

Fig 5. MJO

> India Sub-continent => Increased rainfall.

— Aniket Danjanshwoor Hinde · AIR 81