Evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of British educational policies for the Indian society in the colonial period. (Answer in 250 words)

Macaulay's Minute, Oriental vs Evangelist Controversy, Woods Despatch, Various Commissions including Hunter Commission

Enhancing 2 Evolution of policies:

① Focus on English education

② Based on modern ideas → teach natural sciences, history, ideas like schooling

③ To cut on trickle down effect

④ Woods Despatch focused on vernacular at grassroot level

Intended Consequences:

① Creation of class of Indians → Indian in colour, British in blood

② Source of demand → get British industrial goods

③ British needed employable clerks who could aid in plunder, drain of wealth

④ Mask for benevolent nature of colonialism

⑤ Pitch for divide and rule → English educated elites → eschewed violence in 1857 revolt

⑥ Development of new class → engineers, bankers → And in 3rd phase of economic exploitation ie investment in India (eg Engineer for Railway, Canals)

Unintended Consequences → larger and long term impact

① Creation of class of Indians → Indian in colour, British in blood

② Source of demand → get British industrial goods

③ British needed employable clerks who could aid in plunder, drain of wealth

④ Mask for benevolent nature of colonialism

⑤ Pitch for divide and rule → English educated elites → eschewed violence in 1857 revolt

⑥ Development of new class → engineers, bankers → And in 3rd phase of economic exploitation ie investment in India (eg Engineer for Railway, Canals)

① Evaluation of true nature of British rule (eg Drain of Wealth by Dadabhai Naoroji)

⑧ But British at same standards as them (eg Use of values like rationalism, quality to evaluate British rule (eg Albert Bill [illegible])

⑨ Birth of socio-religious reform movements (eg Ram Mohan Roy - Sati [1829] abolished)

⑩ Foundation laid for modern nationalism (eg Political education through propaganda)

⑪ Various associations to raise grievance (eg INC, 1885) Indian Patriot Association

⑫ Colossal exposure of Indians → migration in world's saw disparity → raised demand of Indian [illegible]

(eg Berlin → Vrendrahath Chattopadhyay)

⑬ Moderate phase of Nationalism

(eg Pherozeshah Mehta, Tyabji → kickstarted process of question)

⑭ Development of Indian press, capitalist education is foundation of reform. While initially English education did help British expectation → eventually it became the biggest force against it

⑨ Birth of Socio-religious reform movements (eg Ram Mohan Roy - Sati [1829] abolished)

⑩ Foundation laid for modern nationalism (eg Political education through propaganda)

⑪ Various associations to raise grievance (eg INC, 1885) Indian Patriot Association

⑫ Colossal exposure of Indians → migration in world's saw disparity → raised demand of Indian Patriotism (eg Berlin → Vrendrahath Chattopadhyay)

⑬ Moderate phase of Nationalism (eg Pherozeshah Mehta, Tyabji → kickstarted process of question)

⑭ Development of Indian press, capitalist education is foundation of reform. While initially English education did help British expectation → eventually it became the biggest force against it

— Akansh Dhull · AIR 3