Communalism gains strength from economic deprivation, and thrives in environments of social exclusion, creating fertile ground for discontent and division. Comment.

Gains strength from economic deprivation: (1) relative economic deprivation leads to ingroup solidarity & inter group exclusions. (2) creates apathy against group commanding resources [ex] utilized by British to mobilise Muslims under Syed Ahmad Khan. (3) Inclusivity ignored in jot representation creating a viscous cycle [leg] as alleged by migrants in Assam & Bihad

Continuation of economic deprivation effects shown through viscous cycle diagram: poor efficiency → poor health & education → resentment → social tensions. (4) economic deprivation can be utilized by miscreants to induct the deprived ex- terrorist outfits, Naval groups. Thrives on social exclusion: (5) creation of social class leading to isolation [intralas exclusive = [illegible]] ex- [x] religion mohalla across cities with dilapidated houses can act as centres of unrest. (6) Caste/tribe within same caste laws out in political exclusion as well [ex] other public (Step taken against dissonent) Minority status given to several communities

Specific schemes (eg Iyo Hast) etc. In other regard Sachan dti communal recommendation can be adhered to. Also, sometime economic development leads to communal division [ex] khalistan movement. By social inclusion can also cause dissonent on communal lines [ex] UCC creating huge dissents from communities as a measure of homogenisation & social control.

— Annapurna Singh