Question 6Discuss vulnerabilities in energy security related to critical mineralsGS3GS1

While critical minerals are driving the clean energy transition, they bring new vulnerabilities with regard to energy security. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)

Introduction

Lithium used in Lion batteries, rare earth used in electronics, Gallium used in semi conductors are some critical minerals for renewable energy generation.

23 words

Main Body

Significance → achieve renewable targets

⊢COOGW renewable energy capacity

⊢Overcome storage limitations

⊢Overcome duck curve issue

⊢Demand supply mismatch

⊢With lifetime use in electronics.

Vulnerabilities in energy security:

1Uneven distribution in court

2China has >30% rare earth offset

2Mispreparation of trade

3China putting gallium export curb to the US

3Revised processing paucity

4Although China has very low lithium reserves, it procures more than 60% of global lithium

4Difficult in extraction

3Rare earth have many identical physical chemical properties

3Prone to global events, pandemic

3Semiconductor shortage during China covid-19 lockdown

6Challenge of waste disposal & recycling

⊢ 40% e-waste handled by informal sector

Solution: strengthening mineral security partnership, contain R&D and ore exploration will help achieve SDG-7[clean]

— Bipul Gupta · AIR 103

127 words3 paragraphs

Conclusion

Strengthening mineral security partnership, contain R&D and ore exploration will help achieve SDG-7 [clean energy]

15 words

Diagram

Flow chart showing 'significance of critical minerals' with branches to renewable targets, COOGW capacity, storage, duck curve, and demand-supply issues

Identifies key critical minerals with specific uses
Mentions renewable energy targets
Discusses technical challenges like duck curve and storage
Addresses geopolitical vulnerability (China dominance)

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Topper

Bipul Gupta

AIR 1032023

Subject & Paper

GS3GS1

Topic

Important Geophysical Phenomena

Critical minerals and energy security

Clean energy transition and vulnerabilities

Writing Stats

165

Total words

Paragraphs

analytical/structured

Tone

Linked PYQ

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