HL

Harsh LodhaAIR 261· 2023

Question Q11GS1GS1

Bring out the reasons behind the tribal unrest in British India. Also, analyze the reasons for their limited success.

Open scan (p.22)

Introduction

Tribal movements in India were result of exploitative British policies which compelled into revolts by these tribals for self-governance

19 words

Main Body

Tribal movements in India were result of exploitative British policies which compelled into revolts by these tribals for self-governance

Some tribal unrests:

Munda Revolt (Birsa Munda)
Khasi uprising (Tsiath Singh)
Sanyasi Revolt
Santhal uprising (Sido & Kanhu)
Heraka cult under Rani Gaidinliu.

Reasons behind tribal unrest

1Colonial factors:
1Exploitative taxation policies en: Munda Rebellion
2Stringent forest laws restricting tribal movement on: Sanyasi revolt.
3Laws and policies requiring tribal resitting to other areas, on: Santhal uprising.
4Foreign community invasions on: Nellai revolt in North-East.
2Domestic factors
1Exploitative zamindars demanding heavy taxes on: Zechaina Movement.
2Local incursion of Hindus, etc. on: Zechaina Movement.

Reasons for limited success

1Local in nature and not mass movements.
2Unplanned and they easily crushed by British.
3Revivalist in nature for want of status-quo rather for nationalism.
4Short term perspectives.
5Bows and arrows vis muskets of British
6Sometimes violent in nature and thus easy justification for British to crush them.
7Internal division among tribes.

Although tribal movements form pivotal part of our freedom struggle and to honour those contribution 'Tribal Museum' in Gujarat sanctioned

— Harsh Lodha · AIR 261

196 words8 paragraphs5 bullet points

Conclusion

Although tribal movements form pivotal part of our freedom struggle and to honour those contribution 'Tribal Museum' in Gujarat sanctioned

20 words

  • Provides multiple examples of tribal uprisings
  • Lists important leaders and movements
  • Clearly identifies exploitative British policies as root cause
  • References specific movements with leader names
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Topper

Harsh Lodha

AIR 2612023

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Modern Indian History from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present

The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions

Tribal movements and unrest

Writing Stats

235

Total words

8

Paragraphs

5

Bullets

descriptive with bullet points

Tone

Linked PYQ

As a senior officer in the Ministry, you have access to important policy decisions and upcoming big announcements such as road construction projects before they are notified in the public domain. The Ministry is about to announce a mega road project for which the drawings are already in place. Sufficient care was taken by the planners to make use of the government land with the minimum land acquisition from private parties. The compensation rate for private parties was also finalized as per government rules. Care was also taken to minimize deforestation. Once the project is announced, it is expected that there will be a huge spurt in real estate prices in and around that area. Meanwhile, the Minister concerned insists that you realign the road in such a way that it comes closer to his 20-acre farmhouse. He also suggests that he would facilitate the purchase of a big plot of land in your wife’s name at the prevailing rate which is very nominal, in and around the proposed mega road project. He also tries to convince you by saying that there is no harm in it as he is buying the land legally. He even promises to supplement your savings in case you do not have sufficient funds to buy the land. However, by the act of realignment, a lot of agricultural lands has to be acquired, thereby causing a considerable financial burden on the government, and also the displacement of the farmers. As if this is not enough, it will involve cutting down of a large number of trees denuding the area of its green cover. Faced with this situation, what will you do? Critically examine various conflicts of interest and explain what your responsibilities are as a public servant.

20M2018Critically examine