Rare Earths Elements (REE) are considered as 'Vitamins of Modern Industry'. In this context, bring out the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REE in the world.

REE are the drivers of modern industry:

Uneven distribution of REE can be seen from the below map, and diagram.

[Diagram showing world map with REE distribution - beryllium, graphite, lithium, molybdenum, cobalt, hafnium]

Multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REE's is:

Use in defense technology of REE

self reliance in energy density (eg Electric vehicles)

Possibility of restricted access from few nations is issue

China procures 80% of all REE.

'mineral apartheid' to poor nations, chinese lead to SVt.

Issue of neo-colonising:

rich nations try to desabilise African nations for their minerals.

1 tonne lithium require close to 60000 gallon water, deposition in Kobitum pass (chinese source).

Real in USA.

REEs are also conventional depletable sources like oil.

Way forward - REEs are crucial in medium industry.

Gabon govt initiated composite project to host exploration. Lateral deals like FABIL in Argentina to secure 150 REE supply.

— LAKSHAY AGGARWAL · AIR 164