The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India. (Answer in 250 words) 15 Marks
Introduction
31 words
Main Body
Oceanic factors:
1. South-west monsoon winds, crossing of ITCZ → reverses of winds → place to differential rate of land and ocean cooling
2. EL-NINO (ENSO) → El-nino (every 1-4 year) leads to reversal of swallies call, leads to drying below windy rains; la-nina strengthens walker cell
3. Bi-NINO/la-nina/Madhabi → western Pacific in Central Equatic → Uncooking in impact and distribution
4. Indian Ocean Dipole → temperature difference between western and eastern Indian ocean; Positive phase: higher rainfall; negative phase: lower rainfall
5. Ocean depression → inject intensity of rain → low pressure region
Atmospheric factors:
1. Seasonality → Role of [General] jetstream and contemporary jetstream; [Displaced jetstream in] opens up
2. [Hadden] cluster oscillating → periodic movement of clouds over bay of bengal
3. [Coastal] line-seasonal summer oscillating → periodic movement of clouds over bay of bengal
4. North East Branch of south-west monsoon (Bay of Bengal branch) → leads to early rainfall in North-Gulf
5. Withdrawal of monsoon winds → due to upper atmospheric dynamics in Midwest → due to orography, vegetation cover, etc.
Oceanic factors (continued):
3. Li-nino/la-nina/Madhabi → western Pacific in Central Equatic → Uncooking in impact and distribution
4. Indian Ocean Dipole → temperature difference between western and eastern Indian ocean; Positive phase: higher rainfall; negative phase: lower rainfall
5. Ocean depression → inject intensity of rain → low pressure region
Atmospheric factors:
1. Seasonality → Role of General jetstream and contemporary jetstream; Displaced jetstream in opens up
2. Hadden cluster oscillating → periodic movement of clouds over bay of bengal
3. Coastal line-seasonal summer oscillating → periodic movement of clouds over bay of bengal
4. North East Branch of south-west monsoon (Bay of Bengal branch) → leads to early rainfall in North-Gulf
5. Withdrawal of monsoon winds → due to upper atmospheric dynamics in Midwest → due to orography, vegetation cover, etc. Until standing team to climate change
— Kush Motwani · AIR 11
- Identifies both oceanic and atmospheric factors clearly
- References specific phenomena like El-Nino, La-Nina, IOD
- Links monsoon to economic impacts
- Mentions both positive and negative phases of IOD
Kush Motwani
Important Geophysical Phenomena
Monsoon and climate systems
Oceanic and atmospheric factors in monsoon distribution
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Total words
3
Paragraphs
analytical
Tone