How do unplanned urbanization and unabated rural-urban migration contribute to the multiple woes faced by Indian metropolises? (15 marks, 250 words)

Reason For Unabated Rural-Urban Migration leading to unplanned urbanisation:-

All above Factors cause Heavy top (Tier 1) cities causing multiple woes

-> Unemployment and underemployment (Income Insecurity and poverty)

-> Slums and squatter development - poor Access to Basic needs creating vulnerability

-> dropout due to language Barriers Among Migrant children

-> low Affordability

Health:

-> low life expectancy

-> epidemics

-> low labour productivity (Poor Human-Resource development) - Unskilled

-> Job seekers attitude

->Unemployed largely -> Poor contribution to demographic dividend.

->Urban Naxalism

-> Support to Radicals by youth in Urban areas (9) ISIS terror groups.

-> Urban crime Increasing (9) Chain snatching in Delhi

-> High pollution (Air, water etc) -> Land use changes in Periurban areas. (9) Greater Noida Fertile land encroached.

-> over stressed Urban Amenities

(e) Poor solid waste management -> landfill -> health Hazards (e) Brahmapuram landfill (Kochi)

(c) Affecting Historical Monuments

(e) Taj mahal -> pollution From Delhi Fungal growth

man-made Hazard -overcrowding and stampede (e) Mumbai Subway Stampede.

Thus direction of urbanisation is equally Important. It should be planned and regulated to ensure Quality of life in urban areas.

— Muthuarasi · AIR 225