[Unmarked question on inadequate infrastructure and related developmental issues in India]

Lack of provision of adequate drinking water facilities

Lack of sanitation → leading group for water borne diseases like malaria

Lack of social infrastructure in form of adequate health & education → low human capital development

These inadequate infrastructure prevent their human capital development and they remain perched slum dwellers

Socio - Economic Issues

Large migration population from rural areas

Employment in low skill & low wage livelihood → can't afford decent localities to live

Lack of awareness about their rights to determine good public services

Lack of political rights because of migrant identity → don't have political representation

Inadequate government focus on improving basic facilities in the area.

Expansion of facilities like metros, building for wealthy population → shortage space for marginalized.

Lack of adequate schooling and malnutrition & health → less potential for inter-generational mobility.

These topical urban policies & development had slum growth and have adverse effect like:

Utilisation of demographic dividend

Malnourished children

Less economic growth

Widening economic & social inequality

hay forward

Government initiatives like PN Avas Yojana, one nation one ration card, mohalla clinics, Swach bharat mission are step in right direction.

Communalism is unhealthy attachment to one's religion where religion becomes the only cover of one's identity.

Economic deprivation

↙ ↓ ↘

Communism Social Discontent

ending & division

Economic deprivation → communalism

Difference in education standards → difference in employment potential → adherence in states → breeding ground of communalism

Lack of adequate employment to youth → need changes of radicalisation.

eq. Kashmiri region → lack of viable livelihood → line of money make them trade path of terrorism & militancy

eg. Kashmiri region → lack of viable livelihood → line of money make them trade path of terrorism & militancy

Imbalance in economic development → inequality in opportunities → sow seeds of separation (ex: Separation)

Lack of economy growth → lack of expenditure on education → lack of rational outlook

Economic deprivation → easy to get lured by radical elements eg. low vigilante

Environment of Social exclusion

Treating a community as an outsider and separate from us → fertile ground for separation.

Actions by one → reaction by another eg. state atrocities → cam d riots

eg. North-East delhi riots

Government legislation like NRC, CAA imprisont of exclusion of muslim community, fuelled north-east delhi riots

Rigid & communal outlook in upbringing of children → prevent intermingling.

Exclusion from each other community is festival and even antagonism → discontent & division.

Ban on inter-religious marriages and honour killing → against unity and constitutional morality.

Government legislation like NRC, CAA imprisont of exclusion of muslim community fuelled north-east delhi riots

Rigid & communal outlook in upbringing of children → prevent intermingling.

Exclusion from each other community is festival and even antagonism → discontent & division.

Ban on inter-religious marriages and honour killings → against unity and constitutional morality.

Polarization in politics causes divisions.

These factors create fertile ground for discontent & division.

India as a country with its ethos of unity in diversity and constituted values which respects equality, fraternity and secularism need to maintain better inter-community relations.

— Nidhi Goyal · AIR 91