Question 9GS2GS1

Examine the role of historical and socio-political factors in driving communalism in Indian politics. (Answer in 150 words)

Introduction

Communalism refers to antagonistic feelings between religious groups where secular interests of both groups are perceived to be mutually exclusive.

20 words

Main Body

Factors in driving communalism in India:

1Historical

> 1.1 British divide and rule policy of appeasement of university by giving them (separate electorate)

> 1.2 Power struggle between elite coincided with religious conflicts (Muslim landowners vs Hindu Money lenders in Punjab)

> 1.3 Communalisation of national freedom struggle (extremist) Khatkar etc.

2Socio-political factors

> 2.1 Vote bank politics of parties post independence (fitting one against other)

> 2.2 Unequal growth of minorities- failure of relative deprivation (Sachar committee)

> 2.3 Quota to maintain hegemony by different religious (state)

> 2.4 Failure of national integration policy - Communalism over patriotism

Measures to tackle:

Tangaraih Mishra committee

National commission on communal harmony

Nation over religion - advice to furnamental duty by sale of religious leaders for humiliation

Communalism must be 'tackled' to maintain 'secular fabric of India'

Struggles on the role of high rise power:

4Cultural revivalism like Cow protection movement, walabuji etc.

2Socio-political factors

> 2.1 Vote bank politics of parties post independence (fitting one against other)

> 2.2 Unequal growth of minorities - failure of relative deprivation (Sachar committee)

> 2.3 Quota to maintain hegemony by different religious (state)

> 2.4 Failure of national integration policy - Communalism over patriotism

Measures to tackle:

Tangaraih Mishra committee

National commission on communal harmony

Nation over religion - advice to furnamental duty by sale of religious leaders for humiliation

Communalism must be 'tackled' to maintain 'secular fabric of India'

— Pawan Kumar Pandey · AIR 138

248 words7 paragraphs8 bullet points

Comprehensive classification of factors (historical vs socio-political)
Specific examples (Punjab conflicts, separate electorate)
Important committees cited (Sachar, Tangaraih Mishra, National Commission)
Links communalism to vote bank politics effectively
Addresses both causes and potential remedies
Good structural organization with clear numbering

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Topper

Pawan Kumar Pandey

AIR 138

Subject & Paper

GS2GS1

Topic

Modern Indian History

Communalism and Secularism

Communalism in Indian politics

Writing Stats

268

Total words

Paragraphs

Bullets

analytical structured

Tone

Linked PYQ

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