How do the foreign accounts help in piecing together the history of Ancient India? Explain with suitable examples.

(A) Chinese Traveller:

(i) Fa-xien → came during the reign of Chandragupta II, and wrote about Buddhism, status of women (purdah system of [illegible]), taxation system etc.

(ii) Huin Tsang → came during the reign of Harshavardhan, and his look 'Si-Yu-Ki' → city of Kannauj, trade with spice islands, nature of landshe and his administration.

(B) Arabian Traveller:

(i) [illegible] → wrote a book called 'Kitabh ul Hind' (Calling Word. his rigology's reign) and talked about religion, philosophy, alchemy etc.

(ii) Ibn Batuta → came during Tughlaq's rule → travelled almost entire India and wrote about things like 'haan' and 'coconut' [illegible] system etc. in his book 'Rihlah'.

(C) European Traveller:

(i) Francois Bernier → came during Shahjahan's rule and wrote comparisons of mugal India with contemporary France. Poor state of artisans, absence of private property etc.

(ii) Marco Polo → came during Kababygi's 'Rudhe Madebi' and wrote about the queen.

(iii) William Hawkins → 1608 → Jahangir → wrote for permission of food.

[Continuation] religion, philosophy, alchemy etc.

(ii) Ibn Batuta → came during Tughlaq's rule → travelled almost entire India and wrote about things like 'haan' and 'coconut' [illegible] system etc. in his book 'Rihlah'.

(C) European Traveller:

(i) Francois Bernier → came during Shahjahan's rule and wrote comparisons of mugal India with contemporary France. Poor state of artisans, absence of private property etc.

(ii) Marco Polo → came during Kababygi's 'Rudhe Madebi' and wrote about the queen.

(iii) William Hawkins → 1608 → Jahangir → wrote for permission of food.

Therefore, the account of swtval scholars help in construction of several phases of history.

— Ritika Chitlangia