India faces a grave water crisis due to soaring demand, pollution, and climate change, which necessitates urgent measures to ensure water security for all. Examine.

India has 17% of the world population but only 4% available freshwater at the world. & 71% of India's districts have vulnerability to water crisis. (As per CSE)

Reason for crisis:

(Soaring Demand) → (1) 3Y: urban said holds; (2) 34Y: of population (NITI day ag); (3) Puts pressure on already limited resource; (4) Hydroelectric dependent plan (@ groundwater); (5) Ire: is the highest user of groundwater; (4) Groundwater dependent plan agriculture irrigation.

Pollution → (1) Uranium, Fluoride pollution; (2) Untreated sewage discharged in river. (@) Ganga; (3) Industrial discharge energy into the river. (@) Bhopal in UP - groundwater contaminated; (4) Eutrophication led pollution; (5) Pesticide, Periodic farm fairing

Climate change → (1) Increasing erratic rainfall pattern; (2) Increasing dry, drought cycle; (3) Increasing water demand; (4) For Rainwater Run-off due to landslides; (5) Increasing extreme weather events,

Measures to ensure water security for all:

Hence, multifaceted 2 granular approach to tackle water security is needed.

— Satvik Sharma · AIR 327