Question 5GS1GS1

How will the structural shift from coal-based power plants to renewable energy generation impact human development in coal-bearing states?

Main Body

As India shift to green energy (50% non fossil fuel contribution implies Bunthani era constraints), it's important to keep in mind energy justice for security fear & just transition.

Negative impact:

Loss of source of livelihood for miners

Loss of capital attraction and other avenues like DMP, or royalties from mining

Coal energy is cheaper compared to green energy (thus cost of living be increased)

Insufficient skill development and absorption to new fields like green energy, there could be high displacements

RBI in report also called out on challenge to banks and NFCI that have invested in coal projects as they could become NPA (or stranded).

Positive impact:

Reduced pollution's burden disease burden

Health of those working in mines could be improved if they are absorbed in other sectors

Human capital formation should take place so that people can be mobilized to better areas of economy

As western economies call for phase-out of coal, it's important to push phase-down as communicated by global south in COP of UNFCC.

Further India should ensure adequate skill development so that people can be absorbed in other areas eventually.

— Shoham Teberiwal · AIR 77

194 words3 paragraphs9 bullet points

Clear identification of negative socioeconomic impacts
Acknowledgment of energy justice concerns
Mention of cost implications for consumers
Recognition of skill gaps in transition
Reference to RBI report and financial sector implications
Strong emphasis on health benefits
Recognition of global climate commitments (UNFCC COP)
Focus on human capital development
Acknowledgment of differentiated global responsibilities

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Topper

Shoham Teberiwal

AIR 772023

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Effects of Globalization on Indian society

Development and energy transition

Coal to renewable energy transition and human development

Writing Stats

194

Total words

Paragraphs

Bullets

analytical with balanced perspective

Tone

Linked PYQ

Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu is known for its manufacturing clusters on firecrackers and matches. The local economy of the area is largely dependent on firecrackers industry. It has led to tangible economic development and improved standard of living in the area. So far as child labour norms for hazardous industries like firecrackers industry are concerned, International Labour Organization (ILO) has set the minimum age as 18 years. In India, however, this age is 14 years. The units in industrial clusters of firecrackers can be classified into registered and non-registered entities. One typical unit is household-based work. Though the law is clear on the use of child labour employment norms in registered/non-registered units, it does not include household-based works. Household-based work means children working under the supervision of their parents/relatives. To evade child labour norms, several units project themselves as household-based works but employ children from outside. Needless to say that employing children saves the costs for these units leading to higher profits to the owners. On your visit to one of the units at Sivakasi, the owner takes you around the unit which has about 10-15 children below 14 years of age. The owner tells you that in his household-based unit, the children are all his relatives. You notice that several children smirk, when the owner tells you this. On deeper enquiry, you figure out that neither the owner nor the children are able to satisfactorily establish their relationship with each other. Bring out and discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case. What would be your reaction after your above visit?

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