Question 15GS1GS1

The Bhakti movement, emphasizing 'personal connection' to the divine, had a profound impact on various aspects of Indian society. Highlighting the main features of the Bhakti movement, discuss its contribution towards the development of vernacular languages across the country.

Main Body

Bhakti movement started in 6th-9th centuries as a response, reaction to brahmanical orthodoxy, caste system, discrimination and inequality in South India and later spread to North India.

Main features of Bhakti movement

1. Emphasis on devotion and personal connection with divine. (Ex)- Hirabai's Krishna Bhakti

2. Equality and open to all castes and classes, religions. (Ex)- Kabir stressed upon Unity of all religions

3. Rejected brahmanical supremacy, orthodoxy, and caste system.

4. Universalism and oneness was promoted

5. Rejection of elaborate rituals and use of poetry, songs, dances to connect with god. (Ex)- Dohas, Bijaks, Bhajans were used.

6. Use of vernacular languages to spread their ideas.

Contribution of Bhakti movement towards development of vernacular language

1. Composition of poems, songs in vernacular language. (Ex)- Kabir - Dokas, Bijak - Hindi, Urdu Tulsaram - Marathi Basavana - Kannada Chaitanya Mahabpabhu - Bengali Mirabai - Krishna Bhajans

2. In south India, languages like Tamil, Telugu kannada were used to produce literature. (Ex)- Alvars - Nalayiradivya prabandham

3. Nlasidas's 'ramadharivarana' also spread ideas of Bhakti in vernacular language.

4. On global arena also literature of bhakti gained prominence

5. It influenced sufi literature as well.

Bhakti movement is not just an religion, ideological movement but also a linguistic, social movement.

— YARASI TUSHARIKA · AIR 393

208 words6 paragraphs

Diagram

Map showing famous Bhakti saints including Guru Nanak, Kabir, Surdas, Mirabai, Tulsaram, Basavanna, Alvars, Nayanars

Clear chronological placement of the movement (6th-9th centuries)
Identifies contextual triggers (brahmanical orthodoxy, caste system)
Main features clearly numbered and explained
Provides specific examples (Hirabai, Kabir)
Visual diagram of saints aids understanding
Directly addresses the main question about vernacular language development
Provides comprehensive examples across multiple languages and regions
Shows understanding of movement's multi-dimensional impact
Includes specific literary works (Dokas, Bijak, Ramadharivarana)
Concluding statement synthesizes the movement's significance

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YARASI TUSHARIKA

AIR 3932025

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times

Bhakti Sufi

Bhakti movement and vernacular languages

Writing Stats

208

Total words

Paragraphs

Structured list with examples and concluding synthesis

Tone

Linked PYQ

Subash is Secretary, PWD in the State Government. He is a senior officer, known for his competence, integrity and dedication to work. He enjoys the trust and confidence of Minister Incharge of PWD and Programme Implementation. As a part of his job profile, he is responsible for policy formulation, execution of projects relating to infrastructure initiatives in the State. Besides, he oversees the technical and administrative aspects relating to planning, designing and construction etc. Subash's Minister is an important Minister in the state and significant growth in urban infrastructure development and road network has been registered during his tenure. He is very keen for launching of ambitious road construction project in the near future. Subash is in regular touch with the Minister and is working various modalities of road construction project. Regular meetings, interactions and presentations are made by him to the Minister before a formal public announcement of the project is made by the Minister. Subash's only son Vikas is in real estate business. His son from his own sources is aware that a mega road project is on the anvil and announcement in this regard is expected anytime. He is very keen to know from his father the exact location of the upcoming project. He knows that there would be quantum jump in the prices of land in the vicinity. Buying land at this stage at cheaper prices would pay him rich dividends. He is pleading with him (his father) day in and day out to share him location of the proposed project. He assured him that he would handle the matter discretely as it would not attract any adverse notice as he in the normal course, keeps on buying land as a part of his business. He feels pressurised because of constant pleadings by his son. Another significant aspect of the matter pertained to the extra/undue interest in the above project by the Minister PWD. His nephew was also having big infrastructure project company. In fact, the Minister has also introduced his nephew to him and indicated to him to take care of his nephew's business interest in the forthcoming project. The Minister encouraged him to act fast in the matter as early announcement and execution of mega road project would enhance his status in the party and public life. In the above backdrop, Subash is in a fix as to the future course of action. (a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case. (b) Critically examine the options available to Subash in the above situation. (c) Which of the above would be most appropriate and why ?

20M2025Critically examine