Explain the mechanism of the Indian monsoon. What role do El-Nino & La-Nina play in its development over the Indian subcontinent?

Indian monsoon is a phenomenon of seasonal reversal of winds blowing from ocean to land.

Mechanism of monsoon:

Role of El-Nino & La-Nina:

Major hot deserts in northern hemisphere are located b/w 20-30°North & on western side of continents. Why?

Hot deserts are overlaid due to many factors ranging from Ocean Currents, latitude, winds e.t.c

20-30°N & orth

This area is a sub-tropical High pressure belt

Descending effect: Air descends which minimizes precipitation.

Horse latitude is very calm region & brings stability.

Examely: Sahara desert, Mojave desert.

Western side:

Cold oceanic currents: keep Cold ocean currents desert the temperature of coastal area → very less evaporation of water vapor → less rainfall.

for eg: Peruvian Current made atacama desert

Offshore winds:

Winds blow from land to sea in 20-30°N latitude → causes upwelling of cold water on Coastal areas → less rainfall

Presence of hot desert is due to Combined effect of High pressure, Cold current and Gustoff offshore winds.

area → very less evaporation of water vapor => less rainfall.

for eg: Peruvian Current made atacama desert

Offshore winds:

Winds blow from land to sea in 20-30°N latitude → causes upwelling of cold water on Coastal areas → less rainfall

Presence of hot desert is due to Combined effect of High pressure, Cold current and Gustoff offshore winds.

— Abhishek Singh