अंतरराज्यीय विवाद, यदि शीघ्र और निष्पक्ष से नहीं सुलझाए गए, तो स्थायी विभाजित पूर्वाग्रह हो सकते हैं जो विकास में बाधा डालते हैं और घर्षण पैदा करते हैं। "अंतरराज्यीय विवादों को हल करने के लिए संवैधानिक और कानूनी ढांचे के प्रकाश में, स्वतंत्र भारत ने अंतर-राज्य विवादों को हल करने में विफल रहे हैं।" (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 10 अंक "Interstate border disputes, if not promptly and impartially settled, can translate into persistent issues that impede development and generate friction". Highlighting the constitutional and legal framework, explain why independent India has failed to resolve inter-state border disputes.
Introduction
40 words
Main Body
The border disputes like Bengal, North eastern clashes etc sheds light on the issues regarding solving issue of border dispute.
population divided, Jack Belgians [Belgaum], Assam irregularities
Li: Interstate border dispute [appears to be diagram showing: Belgaum (Karnataka), Assam-Meghalaya, Kasaragod (Kerala-Karnataka)]
(B) The responsibility of disputed area is taken by none → people suffer
No rights or schemes implemented effectively
constitutional framework:
Legal framework → Zonal Council under State Reorganization Act 1956 & North East Integration Council
Indy failed to solve:
(C) rejection of recommendation
Majjatam committee (on Belgium)
Interstate Council (Art 263) is a constitutional body to secure the interests of states and centre & promote cooperative federalism.
Role in vertical cooperation:
only three times meeting since formation.
way forward:
A citizen charter with clear vision & mechanism
Frequent meetings schedules should be determined for meetings.
Interstate council can play a huge role in cooperative federalism.
— Anjali Thakur · AIR 43
Conclusion
31 words
Diagram
Diagram showing disputed areas: Belgaum (Karnataka), Assam-Meghalaya, Kasaragod (Kerala-Karnataka)
- Identification of key interstate disputes
- Reference to diagram showing multiple dispute zones
- Recognition of governance vacuum in disputed areas
- Provides constitutional framework (Articles 131, 142, 262, 263)
- References institutional mechanisms (Interstate Council, Zonal Council)
- Identifies specific failures with examples
- Mentions relevant legislation (State Reorganization Act 1956)
- Provides way forward with cooperative federalism
- Clear identification of Article 263
- Explains composition of Interstate Council
- Addresses both vertical and horizontal cooperation
- Mentions coordination mechanisms
- Identifies key challenges
- References Sarkar's commission
- Provides practical way forward solutions
- Strong conclusion linking to cooperative federalism
Anjali Thakur
Federal Structure - Functions, Responsibilities, Devolution of Powers and Finances
Federal Structure Challenges
Interstate Border Disputes
400
Total words
27
Paragraphs
analytical
Tone