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ASAD AQEELAIR 321· 2025

Question Q9GS2GS2

How well is our country's mix of Unitarianism and confederalism?

Open scan (p.14)

Introduction

Indian federalism is 'semi-generic' (Unitarian in its form) steal while giving federal outcomes, entails asymmetrical and quasi-federal framework.

18 words

Main Body

Indian federalism is 'semi-generic' (Unitarian in its form) steal while giving federal outcomes, entails asymmetrical and quasi-federal framework.

Unitarian aspects of Indian Federalism:

1. Union appoints members of all-India service (Article 312) also steal apex positions under State Government.

Eg. IAS, IPS, IFoS;

2. Union cum legislate on state list via:

on dissolution of Rajya Sabha
give effect to international treaties etc.

3. Residuary powers sent with Union.

4. No state role in appointment of Governor.

Federal aspects of Indian Federalism:

1. Union and State list separation of Rajya Sabha.

2. State Ratification on Rajya Sabha only lists.

3. Resolving powers sent with Union.

— ASAD AQEEL · AIR 321

106 words3 paragraphs2 bullet points
  • Clear categorization of unitarian and federal aspects
  • Specific examples of all-India services (IAS, IPS, IFoS)
  • Recognition of asymmetrical nature of Indian federalism
  • Addresses both centralization and devolution mechanisms
  • Mentions constitutional articles appropriately
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Topper

ASAD AQEEL

AIR 3212025

Subject & Paper

GS2GS2

Topic

Federal Structure - Functions, Responsibilities, Devolution of Powers and Finances

Federalism

Unitarian and Federal Features of Indian Constitution

Writing Stats

124

Total words

3

Paragraphs

2

Bullets

Analytical

Tone

Linked PYQ

Ajit has been recently promoted as the Head of the Department of Weapon Sales (DWS) in the Ministry of Defence Production (MDP). His charter of duties includes international sales of weapons produced domestically by MDP. In two recent wars, MDP weapons have performed admirably, resulting in many countries showing interest in buying them, particularly long-range artillery and missiles. Country A and country B have asked for these weapons. However, production constraints restrict DWS to accept only one purchase order. Country A is a developing nation with a sound technology base. MDP is planning R&D collaboration with it for the next generation of weapons. It is not part of any security alliance and needs weapons for protection from a troublesome neighbour. It seeks a large acquisition on a long-term loan. Country B is also a developing nation. Military strength is its priority, with the military budget often ingressing into allocations for human resources and infrastructure development. It is in security alliance with a superpower who has a large military base there and periodically allots it financial grants. It is a member of an economic bloc with which the government is currently negotiating a free trade agreement. It is not a signatory of NPT but possesses smaller nuclear weapons and delivery systems. It supports some guerrilla forces abroad. It has sought a smaller acquisition and is prepared to make some advance payment. It is currently negotiating arms purchases from another nation too. Ajit discussed this case with his counterparts in the related departments. Therein, the significant economic benefits, employment generation and stronger diplomatic relations arising from this sale were highlighted. It was also emphasized that refusing the deal could result in country B purchasing weapons from some other supplier. Ajit was aware that in arms sales, due diligence at each stage was pivotal to ensure conformity to national policy and international treaties. (a) Discuss the options available to Ajit. Which option should he select and why? (b) How can Ajit balance nation's economic and strategic interests with ethical considerations?

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