Explain the geological features and ecological importance of the Eastern Ghats.

Eastern Ghats are the mountain ranges along the eastern coast of India and span several states such as Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

Geological features of Eastern Ghats:

i) They are discontinuous (non-continuous) and densely and at many places.

[Diagram: Simple sketch showing Eastern Ghats formation]

ii) Several deltas of the rivers such as Krishna, Kaveri form along these ghats.

iii) Less tall than western ghat.

iv) Various rivers cut through them

v) They form natural forts along the coast.

Ecological importance of ghats:

i) Biodiverse and support the ecosystem of various species.

ii) Several species of birds, animals and plants call it home.

(eg) Sandalwood is found in these ghats

iii) Support agriculture and horticultural activities of the people living in the area.

iv) Major carbon sink aiding in carbon dioxide decline.

v) Treasure house of traditional knowledge

Challenges faced:

Due to resource rich, several mining operations are being undertaken.

Climate change leading to disasters in the areas - landslide, flooding

Destruction of pristine habitats and endangering of species due to deforestation in the area.

Eastern Ghats serve as important part of geography and have ecological importance. The recommendations of committees such as Gadgil, Kasturirangan must also be applied here to form ecorestorative zones in the region.

— Aditya Agarwal