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Aditya Agarwal· 2024

GS2GS2

How do the limitations of NHRC affect its effectiveness and independence?

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Introduction

Universal health coverage refers to the provision of quality, affordable, accessible healthcare to all the citizens.

16 words

Main Body

This leads to affecting its effectiveness and independence as:—

– shortage of staff to take several matters at a time.

– only three cases that happened in past 1 year taken up by it.

– lack of funding and autonomy

– only advisory powers and thus without teeth.

Several human rights violator cases such as Siddhi unsheatuni incident, death of students, discrimination on minorities are not fully taken up.

Universal health coverage refers to the provision of quality, affordable, accessible healthcare to all the citizens.

Right to health forms an important part of right to life (Article 21).

Persistent health equity challenges:

low availability of healthcare institutions in rural and remote areas.

High cost of private medical services

Poor quality of healthcare infrastructure

low focus on mental health.

(eg) 0.75 psychiatrist per lakh population (WHO recommends—3/lakh).

low number of healthcare professionals—doctors, nurses.

Poor access by lower income strata.

Around 47% of the expenditure today on healthcare by citizens is out of pocket.

Role of public sector in healthcare:

i) Ensuring access to healthcare in rural areas setting up of primary health institution. (eg) Aarogya Mandirs.

ii) Affordable secondary and tertiary healthcare. (eg) PM-Ayushman Bharat providing treatment upto ₹5 lakhs

iii) Preventive healthcare facilities–Vaccination (eg) Mission Indradhanush.

iv) Mental healthcare services (eg) Mental Health Policy – Manodarpan initiative.

v) Health services in care of epidemics, pandemics and disaster.

—under Disaster Management Act.

vi) Promotion of healthy diets and lifestyle. (eg) Millets (native, khelo India, fit India movement.

Role of private sector in healthcare:

– To provide high quality health services

– Mostly situated in urban areas and tier-II cities.

– Provide alternate options of healthcare to citizen.

– Research and Development in new drugs and diagnostics.

– Provide diagnostic services.

Further steps that can be taken:

– Insurance facility for healthcare to be made more accessible and affordable.

– Right to health to be made an Act similar to Rajasthan Government Efforts

– Regulating of private sector on overcharge.

– generic medicine at centers – provide under

Healthcare facilities are necessary to productive functioning of the citizen and need efforts of both public and private sector. To reap demographic dividend, a healthy and productive citizenry is necessary.

— Aditya Agarwal

372 words7 paragraphs

Conclusion

There is a need to follow UN guiding on human rights therefore enhancing the effectiveness of NHRC. Healthcare facilities are necessary to productive functioning of the citizen and need efforts of both public and private sector. To reap demographic dividend, a healthy and productive citizenry is necessary.

47 words

Diagram

Mind map showing Persistent health equity challenges with branches: low availability of healthcare institutions in rural and remote areas, High cost of private medical services, Poor quality of healthcare infrastructure, low focus on mental health, low number of healthcare professionals, Poor access by lower income strata

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Topper

Aditya Agarwal

2024

Subject & Paper

GS2GS2

Topic

Constitutional Posts and Bodies - Appointment, Powers, Functions and Responsibilities

NHRC

Effectiveness and Independence Challenges

Writing Stats

435

Total words

7

Paragraphs

Linked PYQ

With multipronged strategy of the Central and State Governments specially in the last few years, the naxalite problem has been resolved to a large extent in the affected states of the country. However, there are a few pockets in certain states where naxalite problem still persists, mainly due to involvement of foreign countries. Rohit is posted as SP (Special Operations) for the last one year, in one of the districts which is still affected by the naxalite problem. The district administration has taken a lot of developmental works in the recent past in the naxalite affected areas to win the hearts and minds of the people. Over a period of time, Rohit has established an excellent intelligence network to get the real time information regarding the movement of naxalite cadre. To instill confidence in the public and have moral ascendancy over the naxalites, a number of cordons and search operations are being conducted by the police. Rohit, who himself was leading one of the contingents got a message though his intelligence source that about ten hard core naxalites were hiding in a particular village with sophisticated weapons. Without wasting any time, Rohit reached the target village with his team and laid out a foolproof cordon and started carrying out a systematic search. During the search, his team managed to overpower all the naxalites along with their automatic weapons. However, in the meantime, more than five hundred tribal women surrounded the village and started marching towards the target house. They were shouting and demanding the immediate release of insurgents since they are their protectors and saviours. The situation on the ground was becoming very critical as the tribal women were extremely agitated and aggressive. Rohit tried to contact his superior officer, IG (Special Operations) of the state on the radio set and on mobile phone, but failed to do so due to poor connectivity Rohit was in great dilemma since out of the naxalites apprehended, two were not only hard core top insurgents with prize money of & ten lakhs on their heads, but were also involved in a recent ambush on the security forces. However, if he did not release the naxalites, the situation could get out of control since the tribal women were aggressively charging towards them. In that case, to control the situation Rohit might have to resort to firing which may lead to valuable loss of lives _of civilians and would further complicate the situation. (a)What are the options available with Rohit to cope with the situation? (b)What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Rohit ? (c)Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Rohit to adopt and why? (d)In the present situation, what are the extra precautionary measures to be taken by the police in dealing with women protesters?

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