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THARUN TEJAAIR 123· 2025

Question Q.1GS2GS2

Discuss the role of the 'Fourth Estate' in upholding democratic values and analyse the issues affecting press freedom in India.

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Main Body

Fourth Estate refers to the press and media in 20th century, but social media is also included in Fourth Estate in present times. Role of Fourth Estate in upholding democratic values: 1) Ability to facilitate dissent and freedom of expression at speech (A-19(2)(-1)) 2) Awareness of public improved => Accountability of executive improved 3) Connectivity with NGOs => PIL, Pressure groups 4) Spread of political values, professment indirectly 5) Connectivity between government and people (Mann ki Baat by PM) 6) Creation of positive political attitude

Issues affecting press freedom: 1) Legislation such as Official Secrets Act, Indian Evidence Act and Parliamentary privileges (A-102, 121) 2) Media's politicization 3) Archaic laws such as UAPA under national security (preventive detention) 4) Foreign media has higher regulation FCRA 5) Sudden raids of media houses by IT officials Press (4th Estate) is the important arm of democracy and is complementing Civil Society, and government.

— THARUN TEJA · AIR 123

150 words1 paragraphs
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Topper

THARUN TEJA

AIR 1232025

Subject & Paper

GS2GS2

Topic

Executive, Judiciary, Ministries and Pressure Groups

Pressure Groups and Associations

Role of Press/Media in Democracy

Writing Stats

150

Total words

1

Paragraphs

Linked PYQ

With multipronged strategy of the Central and State Governments specially in the last few years, the naxalite problem has been resolved to a large extent in the affected states of the country. However, there are a few pockets in certain states where naxalite problem still persists, mainly due to involvement of foreign countries. Rohit is posted as SP (Special Operations) for the last one year, in one of the districts which is still affected by the naxalite problem. The district administration has taken a lot of developmental works in the recent past in the naxalite affected areas to win the hearts and minds of the people. Over a period of time, Rohit has established an excellent intelligence network to get the real time information regarding the movement of naxalite cadre. To instill confidence in the public and have moral ascendancy over the naxalites, a number of cordons and search operations are being conducted by the police. Rohit, who himself was leading one of the contingents got a message though his intelligence source that about ten hard core naxalites were hiding in a particular village with sophisticated weapons. Without wasting any time, Rohit reached the target village with his team and laid out a foolproof cordon and started carrying out a systematic search. During the search, his team managed to overpower all the naxalites along with their automatic weapons. However, in the meantime, more than five hundred tribal women surrounded the village and started marching towards the target house. They were shouting and demanding the immediate release of insurgents since they are their protectors and saviours. The situation on the ground was becoming very critical as the tribal women were extremely agitated and aggressive. Rohit tried to contact his superior officer, IG (Special Operations) of the state on the radio set and on mobile phone, but failed to do so due to poor connectivity Rohit was in great dilemma since out of the naxalites apprehended, two were not only hard core top insurgents with prize money of & ten lakhs on their heads, but were also involved in a recent ambush on the security forces. However, if he did not release the naxalites, the situation could get out of control since the tribal women were aggressively charging towards them. In that case, to control the situation Rohit might have to resort to firing which may lead to valuable loss of lives _of civilians and would further complicate the situation. (a)What are the options available with Rohit to cope with the situation? (b)What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Rohit ? (c)Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Rohit to adopt and why? (d)In the present situation, what are the extra precautionary measures to be taken by the police in dealing with women protesters?

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