KA

KRUPA A JAINAIR 190· 2025

Question Q.17GS1GS2

What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.

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Main Body

Mangroves are ecotone species that grow between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Geographical factors responsible for mangrove growth: (1) Brackish waters: with salinity about 25 ppm. (2) High temperatures > 28°C. (3) High relative humidity for greater precipitation. (4) Oceanic proximity needed for growth. (5) Tidal range with low tides below 6m. E High evaporation and transpiration. (7) Soil fertility with excessive soil nutrients for growth. (8) Not cold regions as cannot survive in freezing conditions. (9) Tropical region and avid latitude of 10°-30°N & S. (10) Low winds/pressure on mangrove to modify.

Role in coastal ecology: (1) Carbon sink and sequestration (by 257 of land based carbon in peatlands is FAO). (2) Nutrient recycling by mangroves. (3) Riparian buffer: water purification from heavy pollutants & toxins → mg/kg de. (4) Shell absorber as input of tsunami, floods, tides etc. (By en Biohuaranta notes from floods & cyclones). (5) Marine biodiversity and habitat protection (By huge levels, fishes, shrimps, Bengal tiger, crocodile etc). (2) Livelihoods for coastal community (By Fishing, aquaculture, Timber). (4) Food security and medicinal use Available. (5) Recreation and tourism → mangrove walks, ornamental fishing. A O2 supply and maintain balance in environment.

Threats: Urbanisation → Plastic waste, lumbering, Shrimp cultivation UNIESCO - 3-5% reduced. Way Forward: (1) Gujarat model - Fish bone technique cultivation. (2) International - Mangrove For future collaborative - MAC → COP26. (3) Community engagement → Vom Rabidaths Audit.

— KRUPA A JAIN · AIR 190

235 words1 paragraphs

Diagram

Figure showing Mangrove distribution in coastal regions with labels indicating Kalimere, Sundarbans, and other major mangrove regions of India

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Topper

KRUPA A JAIN

AIR 1902025

Subject & Paper

GS1GS2

Topic

Indian Constitution - Historical Underpinnings, Evolution, Features, Amendments, Significant Provisions and Basic Structure

Significant Provisions

Mangrove Vegetation and Coastal Ecology

Writing Stats

235

Total words

1

Paragraphs

Linked PYQ

As a senior officer in the Ministry, you have access to important policy decisions and upcoming big announcements such as road construction projects before they are notified in the public domain. The Ministry is about to announce a mega road project for which the drawings are already in place. Sufficient care was taken by the planners to make use of the government land with the minimum land acquisition from private parties. The compensation rate for private parties was also finalized as per government rules. Care was also taken to minimize deforestation. Once the project is announced, it is expected that there will be a huge spurt in real estate prices in and around that area. Meanwhile, the Minister concerned insists that you realign the road in such a way that it comes closer to his 20-acre farmhouse. He also suggests that he would facilitate the purchase of a big plot of land in your wife’s name at the prevailing rate which is very nominal, in and around the proposed mega road project. He also tries to convince you by saying that there is no harm in it as he is buying the land legally. He even promises to supplement your savings in case you do not have sufficient funds to buy the land. However, by the act of realignment, a lot of agricultural lands has to be acquired, thereby causing a considerable financial burden on the government, and also the displacement of the farmers. As if this is not enough, it will involve cutting down of a large number of trees denuding the area of its green cover. Faced with this situation, what will you do? Critically examine various conflicts of interest and explain what your responsibilities are as a public servant.

20M2018Critically examine