What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? What is its role in coastal ecology?

As per Record FSI 2023 report India has around 4000+ km2 and 0.6% of its land under Mangroves. Also we are here to world's largest sunderbans mangrove. Geographical factors: (0) Tropical Climate → Suitable for mangroves (1) Large coastline → 11,098 km → provides Mangroves habitat water condition. (2) Presence of wetlands → edge effect in sunderbans working (3) Presence at Peat rich and salt rich soil

Coastal Soil. (5) Areas of low depth → due to elevated continental mark → suitable for mangroves (6) Adequate precipitation → 100-200 mm across coast → promote mangrove growth. Other factors: local community A - Kadawa Tribe - protect mangrove, Dedicated B - MISHTI initiative. Role in coastal ecology: (1) Source of food and fodden B - leaves of sundarbe fuel (2) Promote agriculture and fisheries → easy to harvest around mangroves (3) Natural Barrier & Act as wind break for cyclone (4) Biodiversity → unique nature due to edge effect B - viphorous salt loving fuel (5) Presence of unique wildlife B - Bengal Tiger of Sunderbands (6) Key Role in coastal adaptation against climate change B - insurance against sea level rise (7) Ecological Heritage Sites → diverse & unique ecology B - Disharmonic Mangrove Way forward: (1) International Collaboration B - Mangrove Alliance (2) Community land conservation B - MISHTI Initiative

— PAKSHAL SECRETRY · AIR 8