Anti-defection law was introduced in the Constitution by 52nd Amendment Act which added X schedule in the constitution which disqualifies members from the legislative for acts.

Anti-defection law was introduced in the Constitution by 52nd Amendment Act which added X schedule in the constitution which disqualifies members from the legislative for acts. Anti-Defection law: - Voluntary giving up the membership of party - Supporting or not an issue against the position of party - Nominated members joining any political party - Independent member joining any political party after 6 months Anti-Defection law → impact on relationship between political party & individual legislatures Negative: 1) Reduced individual legislatures as only party members and not the representative of a constituency 2) Reduced the principle of representative democracy → not raising constituency issue in legislative 3) Not giving enough opportunity to raise their dissenting opinion Positive: 1) Strengthened the political party and inner stability 2) Upheld the principle of collective responsibility under see Art 75 3) Ensure loyalty to party 4) Not indulging in corruption and horse trading 5) Upheld the faith of constituency who has voted for a party but not the candidate Unwanted consequences on the functioning of democracy → Weakens the principle of representative parliamentary democracy as engaged in constitution.

Democracy - a space for dissent and discussion → reduce role of individual parliamentarians → Rajya Sabha MPs → State's representative in Parliament → but hold positions as per national interest of party → Anti-defection law failed to prevent defectors from the parties → Many legislatures resorting to mode of resignation to circumvent the law → Promotes political corruption → Harms the welfare of people and implementation of policies → Constitutional crisis due to frequent changes in government → hamper the governance of state. Eg. Maharashtra defections Anti-defection laws brought with intention to ensure stability and good governance. It need to be strengthened to achieve objective.

— Nidhi Goyal · AIR 91