How did the Industrial Revolution shape and influence the era of New Imperialism during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

Industrial Revolution in Europe has often been considered significant cause of new imperialism in 19th & 20th century. x Need of Raw material - complement the fast producing with continuous supply from Africa → plantation crops, timber etc. x Expanded Market - colonialism and civilising of colonies provided market opportunity to Europe x Investment - potential to invest surplus capital in new business eg. infrastructure in Africa, Diamond mines → Cecil Rhodes x Higher population - Prosperity of IR increased population → need to provide productive employment eg. Britain settled farmers & artisans in South Africa

x Finance and Industrial Capitalism by capitalists → to expand business interest. Other causes: Paleogenetic Nationalism in Europe → Demand of Germany & Italy → Strategic Interest eg. Britain for India Thus, Industrial revolution supported colonialism to expand sphere of control of economic factors for european supremacy.

— Samiksha Dwivedi · AIR 56