CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.

Remotely, South Africa has allowed heritable gene editing. CRISPR-CAS9 is a tool for gene editing. CRISPR-CAS9 technology: (1) Targeting enzyme identifies the faulty base pair where editing is required (2) CAS9 acts a genetic scissor which cuts the chromosome/gene. (3) Editing can include gene augmentation, gene replacement or gene knockoff. Recent developments in CRISPR based application & OPPORTUNITIES: (1) Genetically edited crops via past mother can be introduced through gene editing (2) Changes in gene expression through translation, editing, gene silencing (3) Syphilis: delay in phenotypic expression of gene → delay in disease load & early Alzheimer's (4) Pain relief measures through sensitization of pain receptors. (5) Cosmetic changes through deeper bodies' (6) As a cure to chromosomal aberrations in future generations. (7) Genetically edited mosquitoes to prevent spread of malaria. (8) Germline screening and early correctively via Thalassemia screening in Gujarat.

— Alase Hrishikesh Rajendra · AIR 61