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2. Efficient waste collection 3. Segregation and reallocation of waste materials 4. Re-integration with production chains A Critical materials as lithium can be utilised for new batteries. Government's initiatives in this regard: 1. e-Waste management rules 2. Producer's responsibility for waste collection → Extended Producer Responsibility 3. Waste circulation norms at local body level 4. Repurposing and reutilisation of essential minerals & elements → reduce import dependency Effective less of those measures: 1. Increased awareness among population → about circularity 2. Repurposing, segregation and integration in production chains 3. Efficient utilization of waste 4. Reduced landfill prize 5. Concept of urban mining → recovery computer, electronic & non-biodegradable waste for recovery of elements 6. Reduced pollution under Environment Protection Act, 1986 However, certain constraints: 1. Waste collection systems vast functioning efficiently 2. No proper segregation & muddier dumping 3. Lack of enforcement mechanisms 4. Restricted utility of recovered minerals & elements

— VISHWAJEET GUPTA · AIR 67