CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society. (Answer in 250 words)

Recent advances in CRISPR tech: New tools as: 1. Cas-9 scissors 2. Cas-16 scissors 2. Evolved usage in: - Cancer treatment - Germative editing - Somatic cell editing CRISPR tools: - Cell nucleus - DNA Strands → Specific location targeted → Corrective gene inserted → Replicated in cell Opportunities associated with these advancements: 1. Treatment of genetic defects without invasive procedures. 2. Healthy life ensured [SDG-3] 3. Applications in novel diseases G Cancer → Corneal 4. Development of vaccines and anti-bodies for Organ transplantation 5. Correcting phenotypical defects 6. Application in modifying genetic expression 7. Utility in bio-technology: - New methods of aseptic non-communicable diseases treatment - Use of viruses as vector - Usage in nano-technology

Ethical challenges associated: A For Healthcare: 1. Unequal access due to niche treatment procedures. 2. Fear of designer babies. 3. Autonomy over body choices. 4. Doctors/scientists playing God. B For Society: 1. Wealth disparity & access restricted 2. Superiority complex powers. 3. Social acceptability of procedural results. Way ahead: 1. Regulation by scientific allied bodies 2. Self-imposed Code of Ethics Thus, gene-editing technologies can play a vital role in promoting healthcare benefits to ensure achieving (SDG-3) Good Health and Wellbeing.

— VISHWAJEET GUPTA · AIR 67