Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)

PM Modi's emphasis on circular economy not only caters to spoiled, slow also waste circularity as a sustainable way to handle the crisis of solid waste. [Diagram: Solid waste → REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE → Extract minerals, energy → Use it again] Key principles of waste circularity: (1) Segregation of it ems before throwing it away. a Remove the useful items b Segregate items on biodegradable, non biodegradable, electronic etc.

c EXTRACT and unexpand minerals before further process d e-waste can be used to extract lithium, graphite etc. b Any metal for reuse (3) Using the heat of the compost to extract comings: a Biogas, bioethanol etc b Burning is power plants c Compost + Manure Government's initiative in this regard: (1) Initiated Producer Responsibility under e-waste rule to give duty to producer to recycle the waste. (2) Segregation of waste at the source by distributing two baskets to households.

— Vaibhavi Agrawal · AIR 35