CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society. (Answer in 250 words)

CRISPR technology is based on molecular scissors technology to cut the genes at a specific place and edit it to treat various diseases. Functioning of CRISPR Technology: [Diagram: DNA strand with CRISPR complex showing: make a cut → Insert the required gene (DNA is rare) → insert into human/cell culture] Example: Invention of Penicillin using bacteria.

Recent developments in CRISPR based gene editing technology application: (1) Making of vaccines: by removing the invades attenuating a live virus/bacteria and create immune response. (2) Treating of genetic disorder (3) Formation of test tube babies by stem cell therapy and with desired traits (DESIGNER BABIES) (4) Cancer treatment: by remaning one oncogene from people susceptible to develop cancer in future. (5) Extraction of faint blood: from various organisms like bacteria, fungi etc

Ethical challenges: (1) Designer babies are ethically questionable due to "what constitute a desirable trait" pair complexity? (2) Uneven of not favourable outcome, further harming the patient (so medical ethics - DO NOT HARM) (3) This raises the question of changing the natural world, raising susceptibility of any biological disaster. EX: COVID-19 - Outbreak. Way forward: CRISPR provides us help to fight the diseases for the mankind. However, ethical usage under the limits of the natural forces of universe should be kept in mind.

— Vaibhavi Agrawal · AIR 35